History of Emigration and the Present Situation in Australia

Author: Mark Caruana (New South Wales, Australia)

Introduction

First things first! It is a unique opportunity for our motherland Malta to acknowledge the presence and contribution of Maltese living abroad and to welcome this new millennium in the land of our birth or that of our ancestors. I therefore thank the Malta Government who, in conjunction with the Malta Emigrants Commission, organised this second Migrant Convention.

From an historical perspective, it can be said that as a result of decades of migration to Australia, which was officially perceived as a strategic colonial policy, i.e. emigration acted as a safety valve for an overpopulated island-fortress, Malta expanded its people boundaries to lands far beyond its Mediterranean shores.

Before Malta became an industrialised, economically-viable and independent nation, it could not sustain its high level of population because of limited land space, a high birth rate and no natural resources. Its main assets were its people, their skills, ingenuity, willingness-to-work-hard and thriftiness, qualities which emigrants quickly put to good use, on arrival in Australia and elsewhere.

Australia, one of the most distant lands where Maltese have ventured in an organised way since the early 1880s, is an island-continent with a settled, long-established Maltese community. Today, many believe that Australians of Maltese birth or descent exceed Maltese in the Maltese Islands themselves.

However, for many decades, Maltese immigrants have been left to fend for themselves in city and rural Australia and have had to overcome settlement obstacles, in what Prof. Maurice N. Cauchi aptly described in his most recent book “The Maltese Migrant Experience” as splendid isolation. He notes that the authorities at home either could not, or would not, get involved in any major project aimed at helping in the settlement process. In vain did representatives of migrants ask for such assistance, because very little was forthcoming (largely, it must be said, because very little was actually available at home).

Yet, despite years of little support from their home country and the various reasons for such neglect, Dr Barry York in his book “The Maltese in Australia” observed that The Maltese have succeeded in Australian society largely because of dedicated, selfless and frequently unacknowledged efforts of individuals and community groups. A few are here today but many, many more are not.

It must therefore be acknowledged that through their individual and community efforts, Maltese in Australia have retained their sense of identity and love for their ancestral home.

Maltese Settlement in Australia

Some characteristics of the Maltese community, Australia-wide, are:

1.In common with a number of post-war immigrant groups, the Malta-born in Australia is now a rapidly again community and it is not being replenished by new migration. The over 55 age group makes up more than half of the total Malta-born community in Australia.

2.Since the early 1990s, migration to Australia has dwindled to a trickle; the annual migration intake from the Maltese Islands is now in two digit figures and there seems little prospect of an immediate increase in the foreseeable future. This trickle (less than 60 new arrivals from Malta to Australia in 1998) is better understood if compared to the arrival 50 years ago of TSS Colombia in Sydney on Boxing Day 1949. It had 1,075 emigrants on board, a first in post-war mass migration to Australia. The fifty year anniversary has just been recently commemorated in Sydney.

3.Immigration from Malta to Australia is predominantly working class. The 1996 Census in Australia showed that 25% of Malta-born employed by industry were engaged in manufacturing and 17% in wholesale of retail trade.

4.The current average length of residency of Maltese Australians is thirty to forty years and over. The peak years were between 1955 and 1965. It is worth noting that in July 1998, the Maltese community in Australia commemorated the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Assisted Passage Agreement between the governments of Australia and Malta. A total of 46,000 Maltese benefited from the ten-pound passage scheme.

5.Two out of five Maltese-born women in Australia marry non-Maltese men. Five out of ten Maltese men marry non-Maltese women. This high rate of inter-marriage, however, presents a challenge to language retention. Efforts by community leaders on language retention and cultural maintenance therefore need strong and sustained government support.

6.The Maltese community in Australia has a growing second and third generation Maltese. In 1996, in the 0-10 age bracket, the number of first-generation Malta-born persons was just over 100.

7.Maltese have an above-average home ownership. The 1996 Census showed that 87% of Malta-born in Australia owned or were purchasing their home, which is significantly higher than the total Australia population (71%). Likewise, the proportion of Malta-born who rented (13%) was significantly below the total Australian population (29%).

8.Despite 12,000 miles distance between Australia and Malta, the links between the two countries are close, strong and friendly. Improvements in communication such as air travel, telecommunication and computer technology have reduced the tyranny of distance and resulted in increased awareness of Australia as no long il-post fejn ¹alla l-karkura x-xitan but an increasing non-European destination for many Maltese, not to migrate to a distant little-known land as in former times, but to visit families and relatives and the splendour of its cities and majestic outback.

Each year, 9,000 visitors travel between Malta and Australia. The visit to Australia by officials of the Malta Olympic Committee in preparation for the Sydney 2000 Games is just but one recent example.

9.The bonds between Malta and Australia are continuing to strengthen. The number of international phone calls, faxes, e-mails have now superseded the traditional postal mail, as a quicker, more reliable and efficient means of correspondence or doing business.

Maltese Settlement in New South Wales

The Maltese community in Sydney is a long-established one. Little documentary research exists but the first definite evidence of a Maltese convict, found at the archives of St Mary's Cathedral in Sydney, where the name and nationality is mentioned, refers to Salvatore Diacono, of Parramatta, west of Sydney, and dates back to 1821. It is believed, however, that the first convicts from Malta to Australia, with distinctive Maltese surnames, were two private soldiers in the Royal Regiment of Malta, a Farrugia and a Spiteri who were convicted for desertion and who arrived in New South Wales on the Admiral Gambier in 1811. (York Barry, Maltese in Australia 1998 page 16).

Within the Colonial establishment, Rinaldo Sceberras was a Malta-born lieutenant in the British Army when he was sent to Australia in 1837 with the 80th Foot Regiment. He was in charge of Wingello Stockade, some 50 miles away from Goulburn, which served as convict accommodation during the construction by convicts of the Hume Highway, the main link between Sydney and Melbourne.

In 1882, when a Maltese government official, Francesco DeCesare, was on a fact-finding mission exploring subsidised migration to Australia and New Zealand, eight names were mentioned in his report “as a list of Maltese met at Sydney where they are settled since several years.”

Maltese settlement in Sydney grew around two precincts, namely Wooloomooloo and Pendle Hill. The former tended to attract Maltese from urban towns in Malta who found employment on the wharfs, shops, etc. close to the City of Sydney. In the early years immigrants from villages in Malta and Gozo tended to gravitate to Parramatta area, particularly around Pendle Hill, which earned the name of Little Malta. Later settlement took place in different parts of metropolitan Sydney.

The 1996 Census for Malta born in N.S.W. stood at 20,186. This number represented 1.5% of the total overseas-born persons in N.S.W. Today, among the top 30 languages spoken in N.S.W., Maltese ranks as the 16th largest language spoken.

The number of second and third generation Australian Maltese exceeds the Malta-born population.

Maltese are to be found in all municipalities, shires and cities of metropolitan Sydney but the majority reside in Western Sydney where four local government areas (Blacktown, Holroyd, Penrith and Parramatta) contain two out of every five of the Malta-born population. The present trend of Maltese distribution in N.S.W. has declined in inner city areas and are a growing presence in outer areas of Sydney, such as Penrith, the Hawkesbury, Campbelltown, Camden and Wollondilly. This same population movement is repeated in the Illawarra region, where Maltese are moving out of the City of Wollongong to suburbs in the Shellharbour, Shoalhaven and Kiama local government areas.

A new phenomenon of Maltese distribution in N.S.W. is a rapid growth in areas attractive to retirees, such as the Central Coast. For example, the number of Malta-born in Gosford/Wyong in 1976 stood at 121, which tripled to 366 in the 1986 Census and grew to 510 in 1996.

A similar trend, but on a smaller scale, as taken place in the North Coast, South Coast and in rural N.S.W., areas which traditionally never had a Maltese presence. Greater Taree, for example, registered no Malta-born in the 1971 Census but recorded 38 Malta-born in the 1996 Census. Likewise, further south, Bega Valley had one Malta-Born in 1976 which grew to 35 in the 1996 Census.

Some country towns, such as the mining town of Broken Hill, had a growing Maltese community in the 1920s, such that it boasted two adjacent Maltese clubs. Today, the Maltese community is fully integrated, with an increasing second and third generation Australian-Maltese but dwindling numbers of Malta-born settlers (135 in 1971 down to 58 in 1996).

On the other hand, country shires such as Eurobodalla, Mudgee and Tweed are seeing an increasing number of Maltese among their local population.

Between the years 1946-96, the peak migration to Australia occurred in the mid-fifties and sixties. The first post war boat to re-unite pre-World War 2 families who were unable to return to Australia from Malta due to the outbreak of the Second World War was the Rangatiki in February 1946. It carried 64 Maltese passengers and was a troopship not yet converted for carrying migrant families.

Two years later, in May 1948, an Assisted Passage Agreement was signed between the governments of Australia and Malta, which extended the benefit of subsidised travel costs to thousands of Maltese.

Associations

There are a number of Maltese associations in Sydney, which cater for the recreational, sporting, religious, cultural and social needs of its members. Many are linked to the Maltese Community Council of N.S.W., an umbrella body which co-ordinates the activities of affiliated associations and acts as the spokesbody with the Maltese and Australian governments. The Maltese Community Council of N.S.W. holds a number of functions of national or community significance.

Some pioneer Maltese associations in Sydney which were very active in the immediate post-war years include the former Phoenician Club of Australia, which ceased to exist in 1998 but which, for many years, was the first and only Maltese licensed club in N.S.W., and the Maltese Guild of Australia (N.S.W.) founded in 1953 and now defunct which focused around the inner suburbs of Sydney.

In Western Sydney, three associations which presently own land and premises are the La Valette Social Centre in Blacktown, founded in 1964, the George Cross Falcons Club in Cringilla (Wollongong) founded in 1951 and the Hamrun Association (N.S.W.) in Marsden Park, founded in 1982. These three associations organise a number of activities for their members and guests, particularly on weekends.

Also in Western Sydney, La Valette Social Centre provides a club house, chapel and presbytery which accommodates two Maltese migrant chaplains, belonging to the Missionary Society of St Paul. It also has the services of a full-time community settlement services worker, funded by the Federal Dept of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, who provides a casework service and co-ordinates a respite care and home visitation programme for elderly Maltese. The Centre owns six acres of land in Blacktown and has facilities for five bocci courts, folk singing called g¹ana, bingo and an active senior citizens group.

The Hamrun Association (N.S.W.) Inc also provides boççi, folk singing sessions, dancing and other social events for the whole family. It encourages the youth to participate and the association has built a hall for its members and guests.

The George Cross Falcons Club represents the Maltese community in the Illawarra region and the premises are open for social functions and bingo on Sundays. The Centre also offers a Maltese welfare service and has close links with the Franciscan Friars Conventual who provide a migrant chaplaincy, and the Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, a Malta-founded order of nuns, both based at Warrawong.

Active Maltese religious associations are the Society of Christian Doctrine (a lay movement better known as tal-Muzew), the Maltese Past Pupils of Don Bosco (N.S.W.) and the Partnership - M.S.S.P. Lay Missionary Movement who foster missionary awareness and support overseas projects. Charismatic renewal Maltese prayer groups are today on the increase.

Being predominantly Catholic, the Maltese community of N.S.W. contributes to the Catholic church in N.S.W. through many of its members who are active in parish work, Scripture teaching and charitable works. The Capuchins, Carmelites, Dominicans and Salesians were among the early religious orders to service Maltese migrants. These were followed in post- war years by the Missionary Society of St Paul, Franciscan Conventual, a number of diocesan priests (particularly Fr William Bonett in N.S.W.) the Dominican Sisters of Malta, the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary, the Augustinian Sisters and the Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.

Within the Maltese community, soccer attracts a huge following. The main soccer association is the Parramatta Melita Eagles Soccer Club, which has its own home ground, better known as the Melita Stadium at South Granville. It participates in the N.S.W. Super League and fields teams in the N.S.W. Youth League and Granville District Soccer, and is actively involved in the development of youth and juniors in the City of Parramatta. Parramatta Melita Eagles holds functions on a regular basis and has a restaurant and billiard table.

Another soccer association in N.S.W. with a Maltese connection, Hajduk Wanderers at Smithfield, has amalgamated with an Australian Croatian club and competes in the N.S.W. State League, second division and has its home ground in Chopin Park, Plumpton.

Other associations are those concerned with the festa which have as their main focus the celebration of the patron saint of their town or village in Malta and Gozo. These include the Marsa Holy Trinity Association, the Hamrun San Gaetano, the Ûabbar Holy Mary of Grace festa group, the G¹arg¹ur San Bert Group, the St George Association of Sydney (Hal Qormi in Malta and the city of Rabat in Gozo), the Siggiewi St Nicholas festa committee, St Catherine's festa group (Ûejtun and Ûurrieq) and the Hal Tarxien Annunciation festa committee.

The Greystanes Our Lady Queen of Peace Festa Committee, the oldest association, holds its annual festa during the long weekend in October. The commemoration of the 8th September as a long-standing national-cum-religious feast day at St Mary's Cathedral Sydney and the Good Friday Holy Week activities at Horsley Park are two other popular occasions for thousands of Maltese to participate in.

A pioneer women's group is the Maltese-Australia Women's Association (M.A.W.A.) founded in 1971 which provides recreational and educational activities for women and now operates from the renovated premises of the M.S.S.P. Fathers in East Sydney. A number of other women's and senior citizens groups started in the mid-nineteen eighties which meet at their local Migrant Resource Centre or their community health centre. These are at Parramatta, Blacktown and Liverpool.

The Fairfield Active Senior Citizens Group and the Maltese Bowler's Group are two more recent service providers for well-aged Maltese in Sydney.

The Maltese Cultural Association of N.S.W., founded in 1988, organises a number of cultural activities such as Maltese folk dancing and singing, throughout the year. It celebrates the traditional Festa of L-Imnarja (St Peter & St Paul) and gives an annual Cultural Award to deserving Maltese persons.

Theatrical plays have always been a recreational feature of Maltese life and the Cittadini Cultural and Theatrical Group is active in staging frequent traditional comedies and sketches in Maltese and brings actors and singers from Malta to perform for their members and friends.

The Maltese Ex-Servicemen, which is a branch of the R.S.L. and founded in 1962, provides information and welfare advice to Maltese war veterans. It highlights the contribution of its members by honouring Malta at the Laying of the Wreath at the Cenotaph and marching behind the Maltese flag in the annual A.N.Z.A.C. Day march in Sydney. Their numbers are dwindling because of age and infirmity, such that their children are now allowed to march in their stead.

In the welfare area, the Maltese Welfare (N.S.W.) founded in 1977 meets monthly to raise awareness, conduct research and organise seminars into the needs of the Maltese community.

In the area of trade and commerce, in Sydney there are two associations, namely the Maltese Australian Business and Professional Association, founded in 1989 to promote business and trade between Malta and Australia, and the Australian Maltese Chamber of Commerce which works closely with its sister chamber, the Maltese Australian Chamber of Commerce.

In the area of advocacy, the Maltese Australian Socialist Movement, founded in 1983, provides a voice in fora, the media and direct help for members when dealing with government departments.

The most-recently formed association is an alumni association, the Lyceum Past Pupils Association which brings together former students of the Malta Lyceum.

The Maltese community has a national, weekly bi-lingual newspaper, The Maltese Herald, founded in 1961, based at Merrylands N.S.W., which services the community with local and overseas news, and disseminates social and welfare information within the Maltese community in all States of Australia. It is the oldest continuous newspaper outside Malta which next year will commemorate 40 years of publication.

There are also six one-hourly programs on S.B.S. Radio, an hourly program on 2SER FM (run by the Maltese Community Council of N.S.W.) and a community access radio program WOW based in Penrith.

Besides structured associations, there is an umbrella co-ordinating body, the Maltese Community Council of N.S.W. to which the President will elaborate further on its role in the community.

There are also a number of individuals who contribute on an individual level according to their field of knowledge or expertise. Many are active in mainstream Australian society in diverse areas of business, primary production, politics, sports etc.

In brief, one can say that the Maltese community in N.S.W. is an old established community, with associations forming an infrastructure to activities and services. Its needs relate to ageing and the maintenance of language and cultural heritage among a growing second and third generation Australian Maltese.

As a community we enjoy strong links with the homeland, which are enhanced through reciprocal government agreements on social security, health, taxation, dual citizenship and working holidays.

Conclusion

I would like to conclude with one main thrust, which can be summarised as “Maltese living abroad can rightly be viewed as economic assets to Malta BUT a mind shift is necessary to actively include them in what is now termed The Greater Malta Concept.”

To assist in the draft of this concept, a community consultation took place in Sydney two years ago which recommended a four-point plan. If this plan is accepted, it could set the wheels in motion to make the concept of a Greater Malta a reality for this new millennium. The plan recommends:

1.To re-affirm as Malta's national agenda for this new millennium the implementation of the concept of a Greater Malta and to develop legislation, policies and programs that will crystallise the public's awareness and acceptance.

2a.To propose the necessity of including the history of migration and its impact on our national heritage and the lives of the Maltese people as an integral part of the education curriculum at a primary, secondary and tertiary level.

2b.Such an inclusion will set the groundwork for the foundation of a Migration Museum, similar to the existing War Museum, Folklore Museum, etc. which can be self-funding and of historical significance and interest to both Maltese and tourists.

3.To appoint a senior officer within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to oversee the development and implementation of the government's policy of a Greater Malta.

4.To support the establishment of resource centres in appropriate localities in Australia, especially where the infrastructure already exists, or to support existing resource centres. Such centres will enhance the benefits of computer technology, distance leaning, etc. to retain and enhance Maltese language and culture among all Maltese persons, by birth or descent, in all states of Australia. To underpin such cultural nerve centres with adequate funding, sponsorship and research projects.

In conclusion, one may look back at the struggles of war-time families who left our shores or who stayed in Malta to rebuild their lives, both residing thousands of miles apart, making steady progress over the years, as individuals, as a nation and as a community living abroad.

Let us now look to the future with pride and optimism.

Thank you for you attention and I look forward to your participation and contribution at this gathering. We are a one big extended Maltese family, from many different parts of the world.

1996 Census
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Malta-born, Australia-wide

1. Year of Arrival to Australia
2. Age bracket
3. Religion
4. Marital status
5. Individual income
6. Age left school
7. Educational level achieved
8. Employment status
9. Employment by industry
10. Household/Family type
11. Dwelling/Occupancy

Complied by Mark Caruan, New South Wales
An initiative of Victor Borg, President MCC of Victoria

1996 Census
Malta-born by Year of Arrival in Australia

Year of Arrival	Males	Females	Persons
Arrived before 1990	25,731	23,222	48,953
Arrived 1991-92	69	86	155
Arrived 1993-94	60	54	114
Arrived 1995-96	60	79	139
Not stated	736	743	1,479
Not applicable	21	18	39

All Persons	26,667	24,202	50,879

Age Bracket	Males	Females	Persons

Age 0-4	26	25	51
Age 5-9	21	34	55
Age 10-14	82	101	183
Age 15-19	206	229	435
Age 20-24	290	263	553
Age 25-29	427	421	848
Age 30-34	934	879	1,813
Age 35-39	1,885	1,859	3,744
Age 40-44	3,255	3,085	6,340
Age 45-49	4,887	4,514	9,401
Age 50-54	4,369	3,629	7,998
Age 55-59	3,246	2,534	5,780
Age 60-64	2,790	2,198	4,988
Age 65-69	1,853	1,749	3,602
Age 70-74	1,220	1,291	2,511
Age 75-79	696	755	1,451
Age 80-84	297	404	701
Age 85-89	130	180	310
Age 90+	52	68	120

All Persons	26,666	24,218	50,884

1996 Census
Malta-born in Australia by Religion

Religion	Males	Females	Persons
Catholic	24,677	22,555	47,232
Not stated	686	565	1,251
Other Christian	429	441	870
No religion	627	320	947
Anglican	234	276	510
Other or inadequately described	26	16	42
Orthodox	7	21	28
Islam	4	19	23
Buddhism	6	9	15
Judaism	6	0	6
Hinduism	0	6	6
Other non-Christian	20	8	28

All Persons	26,722	24,236	50,958

Marital status, aged 15+	Males	Females	Persons

Married	20,220	17,383	37,603
Never married	2,852	1,331	4,183
Widowed	800	2,957	3,757
Divorced	1,712	1,470	3,182
Separated	937	896	1,833

Total, aged 15+	26,521	24,037	50,558

1996 Census
Malta-born in Australia, aged 15 or more, by income bracket

Individual Income	Males	Females	Persons
Less than $4,159	1,020	4,062	5,082
$4,160 to $10,399	7,576	9,261	16,837
$10,400 to $20,799	4,922	5,714	10,636
$20,800 to $31,199	6,023	2,263	8,286
$31,200 to $51,999	4,442	931	5,373
$52,000 to $77,999	1,027	109	1,136
$78,000 and above	386	47	433
Not stated	1,110	1,631	2,741

Total Persons	26,506	24,018	50,524

Aged Left School	Males	Females	Persons

15 years or younger	14,717	14,143	28,860
16 or 17 years	6,216	4,998	11,214
18 years or older	2,091	1,325	3,416
Not stated	2,048	1,902	3,950
Did not go to school	856	1,095	1,951
Still at school	581	562	1,143

Total Persons	26,509	24,025	50,534

1996 Census
Malta-born in Australia - Educational Level Attained

Education level attained	Males	Females	Persons

Not at school	16,582	18,769	35,351
Still/not at school, not stated	628	604	1,033
Not stated level of qualification	2,556	2,516	5,072
Still at school	507	526	1,232
Inadequately described	104	98	202
Skilled vocational	4,450	275	4,725
Basic vocational	390	375	765
Undergraduate/Associated Diploma	624	445	1,069
Post graduate Diploma/Bachelor degree	570	405	975
Higher degree	130	28	158

Persons qualifications 15+	26,541	24,041	50,582

Employment Status	Males	Females	Persons

Employee	13,537	7,422	20,959
Own account worker	842	370	1,212
Employer	270	128	398
Contributing family worker	87	125	212
Total Labour Force	16,281	8,698	24,979
Not in the Labour Force	9,859	14,847	24,706
Unemployed	1,545	653	2,198
Not stated	380	506	886
Unemployment rate	9.5%	7.5%	8.8%
Participation rate	61.4%	36.2%	49.4%

Persons Aged 15+ Employment	26,520	24,051	50,571

1996 Census
Malta-born in Australia by employment in industry

Employment by industry	Males	Females	Persons

Manufacturing	4,439	1,245	5,684
Retail trade	1,190	1,110	2,300
Property and Business services	1,143	959	2,102
Health & Community services	378	1,217	1,595
Construction	1,390	184	1,574
Wholesale trade	1,101	397	1,498
Transport & Storage	384	582	966
Education	384	582	966
Agriculture, forestry and fishing	607	358	965
Government administration & Defence	529	298	827
Accommodation, cafes and restaurants	251	414	665
Finance and Insurance	264	341	605
Personal & other services	287	212	499
Communication services	276	109	485
Non-classifiable economic units	340	134	474
Not stated	248	197	445
Cultural & recreational services	154	102	256
Electricity, gas & water supply	224	18	242
Mining	124	3	127

Total Employed Persons	14,690	8,079	22,769

1996 Census
Malta-born in Australia by Occupation

Occupation	Males	Females	Persons

Labourers & related workers	2,369	1,925	4,294
Intermediate production & transport workers	3,548	535	4,083
Tradepersons & related workers	3,018	241	3,259
Intermediate clerical, sales & services	1,012	1,874	2,895
Managers & Administrators	1,442	483	1,925
Technicians & Associated Professionals	1,104	551	1,655
Professionals	943	601	1,544
Elementary clerical, sales & services	551	925	1,476
Inadequately described and not stated	635	265	900
Advanced clerical & service workers	98	676	774

Total Employed Persons	14,729	8,076	22,805

1996 Census
Malta-born in Australia by Household Family Type

Household/Family type	Males	Females	Persons

Two parent families	15,033	12,608	27,641
Couples without children; female over 40	5,865	5,458	11,323
Couples without children; female under 40	504	336	840
Couples without children; female not present	112	0	112
Single parent families	1,270	2,488	3,758
Lone parents; person aged 25 to 59	1,511	700	2,211
Lone parents; person aged 60 or more	819	1,387	2,206
Lone parents; person under 25	23	27	50
Other persons	929	762	1,691
Group households	405	216	621
Other families	248	206	454

Total Persons	26,719	24,188	50,907

1996 Census
Malta-born in Australia by Dwelling/Occupancy

Dwelling	Males	Females	Persons

Owned	18,545	17,131	35,676
Being purchased	4,408	3,684	8,092
Other landlord	1,620	1,269	2,889
Tenure not stated	731	669	1,400
Housing Authority	583	731	1,314
Other tenure	285	257	542
Other government agency	29	47	76
Landlord not stated	17	11	28

Total Persons	26,218	23,799	50,017